Causes and Consequences of Over-schooling among Teachers in Educational Institutions in Kebbi State, Nigeria: Policy Considerations for Educational Managers

Abstract

This study investigated the causes and consequences of over-schooling among teachers in educational institutions in Kebbi State. This study adopted the descriptive survey design, conducted ex-post facto. The study purposely selected 84 educational institutions using stratified random sampling to cut across public and private primary, secondary and tertiary institutions in Kebbi State. A sample of 84 Educational Mangers and 168 Teachers were selected using deliberate and simple random sampling techniques respectively. A self-designed and validated instrument with reliability index of 0.84 using Crombatch Alpha was used to generate data for the study. A four point Likert Scale with criterion Mean of 2.50 was used across the items for decision. Three null hypotheses were tested using independent t-test at 0.05 alpha level. The study found that over schooling among teachers in educational institutions in Kebbi State of Nigeria was caused by phasing out of Grade II Teachers Certificate, excessive turnout of graduate teachers and proliferation by private schools with poor remuneration. It was also found that the consequences of over schooling among teachers include low morale and low productivity. It was recommended that Grade II Teachers Certificate be reinstituted to adjust the disequilibrium and a satisfactory Teachers Salary Structure (TSS) be implemented in both public and private schools.

Keywords: Over-schooling, Educational Institutions, Teachers, Policy, Productivity.